Scleroderma

Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)

Overview

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. It ranges from localized forms (morphea, linear scleroderma) affecting only the skin to systemic sclerosis, which can involve the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs including the lungs, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal tract.

Key Symptoms

• Thickened, hardened, tight skin, often starting on the fingers and hands
• Raynaud's phenomenon — fingers turning white, blue, then red in response to cold
• Swollen, puffy fingers (sclerodactyly) with limited range of motion
• Skin may appear shiny and smooth with loss of normal creases
• Telangiectasias (small red spots from dilated blood vessels) on the face and hands
• Calcinosis (calcium deposits under the skin) in some patients

Affected Areas

Fingers and hands, Face, Arms, Trunk, Feet, Internal organs (lungs, kidneys, GI tract in systemic form)

Care Instructions

1. See a rheumatologist and dermatologist for comprehensive evaluation and management.
2. Protect hands from cold exposure and use warming gloves to manage Raynaud's phenomenon.
3. Moisturize skin frequently to help manage tightness and dryness.
4. Physical therapy and gentle stretching exercises can help maintain joint mobility.
5. Medications may include immunosuppressants, vasodilators, and antifibrotic agents depending on organ involvement.
6. Regular monitoring of lung function, kidney function, and blood pressure is essential.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment.

Prevalence: Rare; approximately 75,000-100,000 people in the United States