Melasma

Melasma (Chloasma)

Overview

A common hypermelanosis disorder presenting as symmetric brown to gray-brown patches primarily on the face. The condition is more prevalent in individuals with darker skin types and is often triggered by UV exposure, hormonal factors, or genetic predisposition.

Key Symptoms

• Symmetric brownish or grayish patches
• Primarily affects cheeks, forehead, and upper lip
• Hyperpigmentation that darkens with sun exposure
• Sharp demarcation from surrounding skin
• No associated pruritus or burning
• Worsening during summer months or with heat exposure

Affected Areas

Cheeks, Forehead, Upper lip, Nose bridge, Temporal regions

Care Instructions

1. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen daily (SPF 50+) as primary prevention.
2. Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use protective clothing or hats.
3. Consider discontinuing hormonal contraceptives if feasible.
4. Use depigmenting agents such as hydroquinone, tretinoin, or combination formulations.
5. Explore professional treatments including chemical peels or laser therapy.
6. Maintain consistent skincare routine and avoid irritants.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment.

Prevalence: Affects 8–40% of the population, particularly in women of Hispanic, Asian, African, and Middle Eastern descent