Ephelis (Freckle)

Freckles

Overview

Freckles (ephelides) are small, flat, light to dark brown spots that appear on sun-exposed skin. They are caused by an increase in melanin production (not an increase in melanocyte number) in response to UV radiation. They are most common in fair-skinned individuals and tend to fade in winter and darken in summer.

Key Symptoms

• Small, flat, light brown to dark brown spots
• Typically 1–5 mm in diameter
• Appear on sun-exposed areas of skin
• Darken with sun exposure and fade in winter
• More common in fair-skinned and red-haired individuals
• Usually appear in childhood and may decrease with age

Affected Areas

Face, Nose, Cheeks, Shoulders, Arms, Upper back

Care Instructions

1. No treatment is required as freckles are completely benign.
2. Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily to prevent darkening.
3. Wear hats and protective clothing during peak sun hours.
4. See a dermatologist if any spot becomes irregular, multicolored, or rapidly changing.
5. Cosmetic treatments such as laser therapy or chemical peels are available if desired.
6. Distinguish from lentigines, which do not fade with reduced sun exposure.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment.

Prevalence: Extremely common in fair-skinned populations; prevalence varies by ethnicity and sun exposure